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Differences Between RAM and ROM

RAM and ROM

01) RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the short-term memory of a computer that is used to handle functional functions and applications. No programs, files, games, or streams run without RAM. RAM is short for “random access memory” and although it may seem mysterious, RAM is a fundamental component of computing. RAM is a super-fast and temporary database that a computer needs to access at this moment or in the next few seconds.

Random-access memory, or RAM, is the main memory of a computer in which specified items can be quickly retrieved (either read or written), independent of the order (and consequently location) in which they were stored. Random-access circuits can be used to create static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM, respectively (DRAM). Millions of memory cells make up a single memory chip. Each memory cell in an SRAM chip stores a binary digit (1 or 0) for the duration of the power supply. Data must be retained in a DRAM chip by periodically refreshing the charge on each memory cell. DRAM uses less chip space than SRAM since it contains fewer components. Hence, a DRAM chip can hold more memory, though its access time is slower.

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Types of RAM
1. Static RAM (SRAM)
2. Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
3. Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
4. Single Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)
5. Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4)
6. Graphics Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM, GDDR2, GDDR3, GDDR4, GDDR5)
7. Flash Memory

Dynamic RAM

DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. It is a type of RAM which allows you to stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within a specific integrated circuit. Dynamic RAM is a standard computer memory of the many modern desktop computers.
The two stable states characterize 0 and 1.
This type of RAM is a volatile memory that needs to be refreshed with voltage regularly. Else it loses the information stored on it.

Static RAM

As long as the memory has power, static random access memory (also known as SRAM or static RAM) is a type of RAM that stores data in a static form. It is not dynamic RAM, so it does not require refreshing.

SRAM uses two cross-coupled inverters to store a small amount of data on four transistors. 0 and 1 are represented by the two stable states. Two additional access transistors are utilized to control a memory cell's accessibility during read and write operations.

SRAM has a much faster access time than DRAM. Additionally, because SRAM does not require refresh, its cycle time is much less than that of DRAM. Because SRAM doesn't have to pause to refresh in between accesses, its cycle time is lower.

SRAM DRAM
SRAM has lower access time, so it is faster compared to DRAM. DRAM has higher access time, so it is slower than SRAM.
SRAM’s access time is about 10 nanoseconds. DRAM’s access time is about 60 nanoseconds.
SRAM is costlier than DRAM. DRAM costs less compared to SRAM.
SRAM requires a constant power supply, which means this type of memory which consumes more power. DRAM offers reduced power consumption because the information is stored in the capacitor.
It is a complex internal circuitry, and it offers less storage capacity is available compared to the same physical size of a DRAM memory chip. It is the small internal circuitry in the one-bit memory cell of DRAM. The large storage capacity is available.
SRAM has a low packaging density. DRAM has a high packaging density.
02) ROM
Read-Only Memory (ROM) is a non-volatile memory used in computers and others electronically after the memory device is manufactured. Read-Only Memory is useful for storing software that rarely changes over the life of the system, also known as firmware. Software applications (such as video games) for programmable devices can be distributed as ROM- containing plug-in cartridges.

The memory found in electronics, known as read-only memory (ROM) stores the data required to run software and applications on a device and upgrade firmware. This memory is stored on the motherboard of a personal computer's (PC) BIOS, which is typically housed on a chip. The ROM computer memory, which is also included in phones, tablets, video game consoles, stop lights, and other technological devices, cannot be easily edited or changed, which is why it is referred to as "Read-Only."

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Types of ROM
There are four main types of ROM, and each type has two subtypes. Each variety has a distinct use and purpose. ROM examples include:

1. MROM - Masked Read-Only Memory
2. PROM - Programmable Read-Only Memory
3. EPROM - Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory
4. EEPROM - Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory
5. FLASH ROM

Masked Read Only Memory (MROM) - This is the original ROM type, and it is not able to be altered at all. This is the type stored on a chip in a computer.

Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) - This is similar to MROM, but it is manufactured without data, and it is programmed afterwards.

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) - This can be erased and reprogrammed, but all data must be erased. This is done with a specific UV light.

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) - This is erasable using electrical current, and it can be done selectively.

Differences Between RAM and ROM
Random Access Memory (RAM) Read-Only Memory (ROM)
RAM is a volatile memory that can store data for as long as it provides power. ROM is a non-volatile memory that can hold data even when power is off.
Data stored in RAM can be retried and modified. Only the data stored in the ROM can be real.
Currently used to temporarily store data to be processed by the CPU. It stores the instructions needed to bootstrap the computer.
It is a high-speed memory. It is much slower than the ROM.
The CPU can access the data stored there. Unless the data is stored in RAM, the CPU will not be able to access the data stored there.
Large size with higher capacity. Small size with less capacity.
Stored data is easily accessible Stored data may not be as accessible as RAM.
Expensive. Cheaper than RAM.